What Causes Eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition characterised by dry, itchy, and inflamed skin. For some, eczema can also lead to cracked or weeping skin, which can be painful and frustrating to manage. But what exactly causes eczema, and how can you manage it effectively? Let’s explore the factors behind eczema and how to control its symptoms.

Key Takeaways:

Eczema Can Be Triggered by Genetics and Environment

Eczema often runs in families and is linked to a weak skin barrier. Environmental factors like weather, soaps, and allergens can make symptoms worse.

Common Triggers Include Stress, Fabrics, and Allergens

Stress, synthetic fabrics, pollen, and pet hair can lead to flare-ups. Soft clothes and avoiding irritants can help keep your skin calm.

Moisturising and Special Creams Are Key to Management

Regularly using moisturisers and eczema-specific products, like creams or scalp treatments, can help soothe itchy, dry skin. For severe cases, prescription treatments may be needed.

What Causes Eczema?

The exact cause of eczema isn’t fully understood, but it’s believed to result from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors.

1. Genetics

• Family history: If one or both parents have eczema, asthma, or hay fever, you are more likely to develop eczema. This genetic predisposition suggests that certain inherited genes make the skin less effective at retaining moisture, leading to dryness and irritation.

• Barrier dysfunction: People with eczema often have a weaker skin barrier, making it difficult for the skin to lock in moisture and protect against irritants.

2. Immune System Overreaction

Eczema is linked to an overactive immune response. When exposed to allergens or irritants, the immune system reacts aggressively, causing inflammation, redness, and itching.

3. Environmental Factors

External elements can aggravate eczema symptoms, including:

• Weather changes: Extremely cold or hot weather can dry out the skin.

• Irritants: Soaps, bubble baths, shampoos, and cleaning products can strip the skin of its natural oils.

• Allergens: Common triggers include pollen, dust mites, pet dander, and certain foods like milk, eggs, and wheat.

What Triggers Eczema Flare-Ups?

While the underlying causes of eczema vary, certain triggers can make symptoms worse. These include:

1. Skin Care Products

Harsh soaps, bubble baths, and some moisturisers can irritate sensitive skin. Opt for products designed for eczema-prone skin.

2. Fabrics

Certain materials, such as synthetic fabrics or wool, can irritate the skin. Soft, breathable fabrics like cotton are generally better for people with eczema.

3. Allergens

Environmental allergens, including pollen, dust, and pet hair, can trigger flare-ups. Some people also find that certain foods exacerbate their eczema.

4. Weather Conditions

Hot and humid weather can increase sweating, which may irritate the skin. Conversely, cold weather can dry out the skin, leading to flare-ups.

5. Stress

Emotional stress is a known trigger for eczema. The condition itself can also cause stress, creating a cycle that may worsen symptoms.

How to Treat Eczema

Managing eczema often involves a combination of lifestyle changes, skincare routines, and, if necessary, medications.

1. Identify and Avoid Triggers

Start by recognising what worsens your symptoms:

• Switch products: Use gentle, fragrance-free products specifically designed for sensitive skin.

• Protect your skin: Wear gloves when washing up or cleaning and take shorter showers to reduce water exposure.

2. Moisturise Regularly

Keeping your skin hydrated is crucial. Use emollients or moisturisers several times a day to lock in moisture and strengthen the skin barrier.

3. Use Eczema-Specific Products

• Over-the-counter options: Brands like Aveeno offer a range of creams and lotions tailored to eczema-prone skin.

• Prescription medications: For more severe cases, treatments like Locoid (Crelo, Ointment, Lipocream, and Scalp Lotion), Diprosalic (Ointment and Scalp Application), Terra-Cortril Ointment, or Dovonex Ointment (Calcipotriol) may be recommended.

4. Seek Professional Advice

If your eczema is persistent or severe, consult a healthcare professional. Through UK Meds, you can complete an online consultation for prescription eczema treatments, saving you a trip to the GP.

Eczema Treatments Available Online

There is a wide range of eczema products available for purchase:

• Topical steroids: Reduce inflammation and itching (e.g., Locoid).

• Scalp treatments: Target eczema on the scalp (e.g., Diprosalic Scalp Application).

• Specialised ointments: Products like Terra-Cortril and Dovonex help treat specific types of eczema.

Final Thoughts

Eczema can be challenging, but understanding its causes and triggers is key to effective management. By adopting a tailored skincare routine, avoiding irritants, and seeking the right treatment, you can reduce flare-ups and improve your skin's condition. For personalised treatments, choose UK Meds for expert-reviewed options delivered straight to your door.