Choosing the Right Contraception: A Guide to Birth Control Options

There are many contraceptive options available, both hormonal and non-hormonal. Choosing the right one depends on personal preference, medical history, and lifestyle. Below is an overview of different methods, their benefits, and potential drawbacks.

Key Takeaways:

There are different types of contraception.

Some, like the pill, implant, and injection, use hormones to prevent pregnancy, while others, like condoms and the copper coil (IUD), don’t.

Some methods last longer than others.

The implant and coils can protect against pregnancy for years, while the pill, patch, and ring need regular use. Condoms are used just before sex and also protect against STIs.

Choosing the right contraception depends on your needs.

Some help with period pain, some are easier to use, and some have side effects. It’s always best to speak to a doctor to find the right option.

The Contraceptive Pill

The contraceptive pill is a hormonal birth control method taken daily. There are two types:

• The combined pill (oestrogen & progestogen)

• The progestogen-only pill (mini pill)

Pros:

✔ Over 99% effective with perfect use (93% in everyday use)
✔ Can help with heavy or painful periods
✔ Doesn’t interrupt sex
✔ Easy to stop if you want to get pregnant
✔ Some types can be used while breastfeeding
✔ May reduce acne and lower the risk of ovarian, womb, and bowel cancer

Cons:

✘ Needs to be taken at the same time every day
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Can be affected by other medications or illnesses like vomiting and diarrhoea
✘ May cause side effects (headaches, mood swings)
✘ Small increased risk of blood clots and breast cancer

The Contraceptive Implant

A small plastic rod inserted into the arm, slowly releasing progestogen to prevent pregnancy. It lasts 3 years and is fitted by a healthcare professional.

Pros:

✔ Over 99% effective
✔ Lasts for 3 years
✔ No daily routine needed
✔ Suitable for those who can’t take oestrogen
✔ May help with heavy or painful periods
✔ Fertility returns quickly after removal

Cons:

✘ Can cause irregular periods
✘ May lead to headaches and nausea
✘ Requires a minor procedure for insertion and removal
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs

The Contraceptive Injection

A progestogen injection given every 8-13 weeks, depending on the type.

Pros:

✔ Effective for up to 13 weeks
✔ Suitable for breastfeeding mothers
✔ Doesn’t interrupt sex
✔ Not affected by other medications
✔ Can help with PMS symptoms

Cons:

✘ Possible delay in fertility returning (up to a year)
✘ Can cause weight gain
✘ May affect periods even after stopping
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Side effects (mood swings, acne, hair loss) may last for months

The Contraceptive Patch

A small adhesive patch worn on the skin, releasing oestrogen and progestogen into the bloodstream.

Pros:

✔ Over 99% effective
✔ Easy to use – changed once a week
✔ Still works if you vomit or have diarrhoea
✔ May help with painful periods
✔ Can reduce the risk of ovarian, womb, and bowel cancer

Cons:

✘ Can cause skin irritation
✘ Must be changed weekly
✘ May cause spotting between periods
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Can be visible on the skin
✘ Some medications can reduce effectiveness

The Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)

A small flexible ring inserted into the vagina, releasing oestrogen and progestogen to prevent ovulation.

Pros:

✔ Over 99% effective
✔ No daily routine needed – changed every month
✔ Doesn’t interrupt sex
✔ Still works if you vomit
✔ Fertility returns quickly after stopping
✔ May help with PMS symptoms

Cons:

✘ Some may find inserting/removing it uncomfortable
✘ May cause breakthrough bleeding
✘ Must be changed on time
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Can have side effects

The Copper Coil (IUD - Intrauterine Device)

A small T-shaped device placed in the womb, releasing copper to prevent pregnancy for 5-10 years.

Pros:

✔ Non-hormonal – no typical contraceptive side effects
✔ Works for up to 10 years
✔ Effective immediately once fitted
✔ Fertility returns quickly after removal
✔ Safe for breastfeeding mothers
✔ Doesn’t interrupt sex

Cons:

✘ May cause heavier, longer, or more painful periods
✘ Can cause abdominal pain
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Slightly higher risk of infections

The Hormonal Coil (IUS - Intrauterine System)

Looks like the IUD, but instead of copper, it releases progestogen to prevent pregnancy for 3-5 years.

Pros:

✔ One of the most effective contraceptives
✔ Lasts for 3-5 years
✔ Fertility returns quickly after removal
✔ Not affected by other medications
✔ Suitable for women who can’t take oestrogen

Cons:

✘ May cause irregular bleeding
✘ Possible side effects (mood swings, lower libido)
✘ Doesn’t protect against STIs
✘ Small risk of infection after fitting

Condoms

Male and female condoms are the only contraceptive method that protects against both pregnancy and STIs.

Pros:

✔ Effective if used correctly
✔ Protects against STIs
✔ No side effects
✔ Doesn’t affect fertility
✔ Available in various sizes and materials

Cons:

✘ May interrupt sex
✘ Can split or tear if not used properly
✘ Some people are allergic to latex

Choosing the Right Contraceptive

The best contraception depends on:

• Effectiveness – How reliable it is in preventing pregnancy

• Ease of use – Daily, weekly, or long-term options

• Hormonal or non-hormonal – Based on health conditions and personal preference

• Protection against STIs – Only condoms offer STI protection

For advice on choosing the right contraception, consult a GP or healthcare professional. You can also buy many contraceptive options online at UK Meds, following a quick online consultation.