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Scott Weaver
Updated at: January 30, 2026 · 7 min read
A Beginner's Guide to Azithromycin
Azithromycin is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the UK. It is often used to treat bacterial infections such as chest infections, skin infections and sexually transmitted infections like chlamydia. This guide explains what azithromycin is, how it works, common dosages, possible side effects and who can take it. We’ll also explore its use in chlamydia treatment, available alternatives and how much it costs in the UK.
In One Sentence:
“Azithromycin is a widely used antibiotic that works by stopping bacteria from growing, making it effective for treating various bacterial infections, including chlamydia, chest and skin infections”.
Key Takeaways
Here are the five biggest takeaways from this article about Azithromycin:
Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat several bacterial infections, including chest, skin and sexually transmitted infections.
It works by stopping bacteria from producing proteins needed for growth and survival.
The typical azithromycin dose and duration depend on the type of infection being treated.
Common side effects include stomach upset and diarrhoea, while serious side effects are rare.
It’s important to follow medical guidance carefully and complete the full course, even if symptoms improve.
What is Azithromycin, and what is it used for?
Azithromycin is an antibiotic that belongs to a group of medicines known as macrolides. It is used to treat bacterial infections, including chest infections such as pneumonia, throat infections like tonsillitis, skin infections and sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
It can also be used to prevent infections in people who are at risk due to weakened immune systems. Azithromycin is available on prescription and most commonly taken as a tablet.
How does Azithromycin work?
Azithromycin works by stopping bacteria from making the proteins they need to grow and multiply. By doing this, it prevents the bacteria from spreading, allowing the body’s immune system to eliminate the infection more effectively [1].
Azithromycin has a long half-life, which means it stays in the body for an extended period. This allows for shorter treatment courses compared to other antibiotics [2].
Azithromycin dosage and how to take it
The dose and duration of azithromycin treatment vary depending on the infection being treated and the patient’s medical history. Always follow the exact instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist [3].
You can take azithromycin with or without food. Try to take it at the same time each day and complete the entire course, even if symptoms improve early.
Common dosing schedules
Condition | Typical Adult Dose | Duration |
| Chlamydia | 1g (1000mg) as a single dose | Once only |
| Chest or Skin Infections | 500mg once daily | 3 days |
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is nearly time for your next one. Never double up to make up for a missed dose.
Azithromycin Side Effects
Like all medicines, azithromycin can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them. Some side effects are mild and short-lived, while others may need medical attention [4].
Common side effects
Side Effect | Description | What to Do |
| Nausea | Feeling sick | Try taking it with food or a snack |
| Diarrhoea | Loose or watery stools | Stay hydrated and contact a doctor if it continues |
| Stomach Pain | Discomfort in the abdomen | Eat smaller meals and avoid spicy food |
| Headaches | Mild pain or pressure in the head | Rest and drink plenty of water |
Serious side effects
Side Effect | Description | What to Do |
| Allergic Reaction | Swelling, rash, or difficulty breathing | Get emergency help as soon as possible |
| Irregular Heartbeat | Heart palpitations or dizziness | Stop taking the medication and contact your doctor |
| Jaundice | Yellowing of the skin or eyes | Contact a doctor as quickly as possible |
If you experience any unexpected or severe symptoms, speak to a healthcare professional straight away.
Warnings, interactions and precautions
Before taking azithromycin, inform your doctor about any medical conditions or other medicines you are taking. Some medicines can interact with azithromycin, affecting how well it works or increasing side effects [5].
Avoid taking azithromycin if you have had an allergic reaction to antibiotics such as erythromycin or clarithromycin. It should also be used cautiously by people with heart rhythm problems, liver disease, or kidney issues.
Pregnant and breastfeeding women can usually take azithromycin if prescribed by a doctor, but you should always get medical advice before starting treatment [6].
Who can take Azithromycin? (Eligibility Criteria in the UK)
Azithromycin is suitable for most adults and some children. It is not usually recommended for people with severe liver problems, a history of heart rhythm disorders, or known allergies to other antibiotics [4].
People taking certain medicines, including warfarin, statins or antacids containing aluminium or magnesium, should inform their doctor before starting azithromycin to avoid potential interactions.
Azithromycin for Chlamydia treatment
Azithromycin is a common treatment for chlamydia, often prescribed as a single 1g dose. It is a convenient option because it requires only one dose rather than a week-long course.
How effective is Azithromycin for Chlamydia?
Clinical studies show azithromycin has a high success rate for treating chlamydia, with one study reporting a 97% cure rate in directly observed treatment scenarios [7]. However, this study was conducted in a controlled population, which may not fully represent real-world use.
Another study confirmed its effectiveness but noted that adherence and follow-up testing are important for ensuring complete recovery [8]. A study also found azithromycin effective, but highlighted the importance of monitoring antibiotic resistance [9].
Azithromycin alternatives
When azithromycin is unsuitable, doxycycline is often prescribed as an alternative. Doxycycline is another antibiotic that works similarly but is taken over several days.
Doxycycline vs Azithromycin
Medication | Common Uses | How It Works | Common Side Effects |
| Azithromycin | Chest, skin and sexually transmitted infections | Stops bacteria from producing essential proteins | Nausea, diarrhoea, stomach pain |
| Doxycycline | Acne, chest infections, and chlamydia | Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis | Sensitivity to sunlight, nausea, vomiting |
Your doctor will choose the most appropriate option based on your medical history and the type of infection.
Azithromycin Cost in the UK
Prices can vary depending on the strength and quantity prescribed. The following are UK Meds prices. These may change over time.
Strength | Pack Size | UK Meds Price (At the time of writing) |
| 500mg | 4 Tablets | £15.99 |
These prices were correct at the time of writing and are subject to change depending on the pharmacy and any private prescription fees.
Azithromycin FAQs
How long does Azithromycin take to work?
Azithromycin usually starts working within a few days, although symptoms may take up to a week to improve, depending on the type of infection. For sexually transmitted infections, retesting may be advised after treatment to confirm recovery.
Can I drink alcohol while taking Azithromycin?
You can drink alcohol in moderation while taking azithromycin. Alcohol will not affect the medicine’s effectiveness, but excessive drinking may slow your recovery.
Should I take Azithromycin with food?
Azithromycin can be taken with or without food. Taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset.
What if I miss a dose?
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it’s almost time for your next one. Never take two doses together to make up for a missed dose.
Does Azithromycin treat viral infections?
Azithromycin is effective only against bacterial infections and should not be used to treat viral illnesses such as colds or the flu. Some studies have examined its anti-inflammatory properties in viral infections, but the evidence is limited and inconsistent [10] [11].
Final Thoughts
Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. It is simple to take, generally well-tolerated and highly effective, particularly for chlamydia treatment. However, like all antibiotics, it should be used responsibly and only when prescribed by a healthcare professional to help reduce antibiotic resistance and ensure the best outcomes.
Sources
[1] Azithromycin - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf
[2] Azithromycin: Mechanisms of action and their relevance for clinical applications - ScienceDirect
[3] How and when to take azithromycin - NHS
[4] Who can and cannot take azithromycin - NHS
[5] Azithromycin for infection - Clamelle, Zithromax - Patient
[6] Pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility while taking azithromycin - NHS
[10] Azithromycin in viral infections - PMC
[11] Antiviral effects of azithromycin: A narrative review - ScienceDirect
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