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NAD+ Injections
Support Your Cellular Health & Energy
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a vital coenzyme found in every cell of the body. It plays a key role in energy production, DNA repair and cellular communication. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decline, which can impact overall health and contribute to ageing-related conditions. Maintaining optimal NAD+ levels through NAD+ therapy such as using NAD+ self-injections and supplements can support cellular regeneration, cognitive function, metabolic health, and overall well-being.
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Boost Your Wellness with Self-Injection NAD+ Pens
Support your energy, focus, and overall health with NAD+ self-injection pens.
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a natural substance found in every cell of your body. It helps create energy, repair cells, and keep your brain and body working at their best. But as we age, NAD+ levels drop, which can lead to tiredness, brain fog, and slower recovery.
UK Meds makes it easy to feel your best. Our NAD+ pens are simple to use at home, giving you the flexibility to boost your wellbeing on your own schedule – without the need for a clinic visit.
If you're looking for a way to feel sharper, more energised, and support healthy ageing, NAD+ therapy could be the solution.
What Are NAD+ Injections?
NAD+ injections are a fast and efficient way to boost your body’s levels of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital molecule that helps power your cells. These injections are popular in the fields of health optimisation, longevity, and anti-ageing [1][2].
By delivering NAD+ directly into your bloodstream, injectable treatments may support:
- Improved energy production at the cellular level
- Enhanced brain function and mental clarity
- Support for healthy ageing and DNA repair
- Faster recovery from stress, fatigue, or illness
Understanding NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
NAD+ is a coenzyme found in every cell of your body [3][4]. It plays a key role in:
- Converting food into usable energy (ATP)
- Repairing damaged DNA and maintaining cell health
- Supporting metabolism and mitochondrial function
- Activating longevity-related proteins (sirtuins)
Without enough NAD+, your cells may struggle to perform basic functions—leading to fatigue, brain fog, and signs of premature ageing.
Why NAD+ Levels Decline With Age
As we get older, our natural NAD+ levels start to drop. This decline can be made worse by:
- Stress and poor sleep
- Excess alcohol or sugar consumption
- Chronic illness or inflammation
- Exposure to toxins and pollutants
This reduction in NAD+ has been linked to age-related health issues such as low energy, weakened immunity, poor memory, and reduced cellular repair [5][2].
What Makes Injectable NAD+ Different From Pills or Patches?
While NAD+ supplements come in various forms, such as capsules, patches, or oral treatments, injectables offer unique benefits in terms of speed and effectiveness.
Form | Absorption | Onset Time | Typical Use |
---|---|---|---|
NAD+ Injections | High – it goes directly into bloodstream | Fast – often within hours | Targeted energy boost, brain support, anti-ageing |
NAD+ Pills | Low to moderate – can be affected by digestion | Slower – may take weeks to notice effects | General daily support |
NAD+ Patches | Moderate – absorbed through skin | Moderate – gradual release | Convenient but less potent than injections |
NAD+ injections are often chosen by people who want noticeable results quickly, especially if they are feeling run-down, have demanding lifestyles, or are actively pursuing wellness and longevity goals.
How Do NAD+ Injections Work in the Body?
NAD+ injections deliver this essential coenzyme straight into your bloodstream, where it can quickly get to work supporting your cells. Unlike oral supplements, which must pass through the digestive tract, injections allow NAD+ to be absorbed directly and efficiently.
The Role of NAD+ in Cellular Energy (ATP) Production
Every cell in your body relies on NAD+ to generate energy. It does this by helping your mitochondria (the powerhouses of your cells) convert nutrients into ATP, your body’s main energy currency1.
Without enough NAD+, your cells may struggle to:
- Maintain normal energy levels
- Carry out vital functions such as repair and regeneration
- Combat oxidative stress and inflammation
This is why NAD+ therapy is often associated with improved energy, clearer thinking, and better overall vitality [6].
How Injecting NAD+ Bypasses the Digestive System
When taken by mouth, NAD+ must be broken down by the digestive system and absorbed through the gut. This process can reduce how much of the active ingredient actually makes it into your bloodstream.
With injections, NAD+ bypasses the digestive system entirely and enters the bloodstream directly. This offers several key benefits:
- Higher absorption and bioavailability
- Faster onset of effects – often within hours
- More predictable and consistent results
This makes injectable NAD+ ideal for people who need quick, noticeable support, whether for brain fog, fatigue, stress, or active recovery.
Scientific Evidence Supporting NAD+ Therapy
Research into NAD+ therapy is growing, with studies highlighting its potential to support various aspects of health and ageing:
- Energy metabolism: Studies show that NAD+ is vital for mitochondrial function and ATP production, directly influencing how energised you feel[1].
- Brain function: NAD+ may support cognitive performance and protect neurons against age-related damage [7].
- Cell repair: NAD+ activates sirtuins, a group of proteins that help repair DNA and regulate ageing [8].
- Anti-ageing benefits: Animal studies have linked higher NAD+ levels with improved lifespan and delayed age-related decline [9].
What is NAD+ Therapy?
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide) is a natural substance found in every cell of your body. It helps turn food into energy, supports cell repair, and keeps your brain and body working properly.
As you get older, your NAD+ levels drop. This can lead to tiredness, brain fog, slower recovery from exercise, and feeling generally run down. NAD+ therapy helps top up these levels, giving your body the support it needs to function at its best.
By restoring NAD+, you may feel more energised, focused, and refreshed – all while supporting healthy ageing and long-term wellbeing.
Who Can Benefit from NAD+ Therapy?
NAD+ therapy may be helpful if you:
- Often feel tired or low on energy
- Struggle with focus or mental clarity
- Recover slowly after stress, illness, or physical activity
- Want to support your overall wellness and healthy ageing
If you're not sure whether NAD+ is right for you, our team is here to help you decide based on your individual health needs and goals.
NAD+ Injections vs Other NAD+ Supplements
If you're looking to boost your NAD+ levels, you may be wondering which method is best: injections, capsules, precursors like NMN or NR, or even IV drips. Each option has its pros and cons depending on your goals, lifestyle, and budget. Here's a breakdown to help you decide.
Injections vs NAD+ Oral Capsules
Oral capsules are one of the most widely available forms of NAD+ supplementation, but they may not offer the same level of effectiveness as injections.
Feature | NAD+ Injections | NAD+ Capsules |
---|---|---|
Absorption | High – enters bloodstream directly | Low to moderate – depends on gut health |
Speed of Effect | Fast – often noticeable within hours | Slower – may take weeks of consistent use |
Bioavailability | Very high | Reduced due to digestive breakdown |
Convenience | Requires administration (self-injection or clinic) | Simple – just swallow daily |
While capsules may suit those looking for convenience, injections could be better for people wanting fast, noticeable results. As always, results may vary.
NAD+ Injections vs NMN and NR (Precursors)
NMN (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide) and NR (Nicotinamide Riboside) are popular supplement ingredients known as NAD+ precursors. This means they need to be converted by the body into NAD+.
- NMN/NR: Must go through a multi-step conversion process in the body, which may vary in efficiency depending on age and health.
- NAD+ Injections: Provide NAD+ in its final active form, with no need for conversion.
While NMN and NR can be useful for general maintenance, injections may be more effective when a faster or stronger response is desired. For example, during times of high stress, fatigue, or ageing-related decline.
Injections vs IV Drips – What’s the Difference?
Both methods deliver NAD+ directly into the bloodstream, but the main difference is how they’re administered:
- IV Drips: Usually take 1–2 hours and require a clinic visit.
- Injections: Can be administered quickly at home in just a few minutes.
IV therapy is often used for high-dose or ongoing treatment protocols under supervision. Injections, meanwhile, offer a more flexible and time efficient option with similar potential benefits.
Which Option Is Right for Me?
The best NAD+ supplement for you depends on your goals, preferences, and health status. Here’s a quick guide:
Goal | Best Option |
---|---|
Quick energy and brain boost | NAD+ Injections |
General wellness or maintenance | NAD+ Capsules or NR/NMN |
Ongoing or high-dose therapy | IV Drip (clinic-based) |
Long-term anti-ageing support | Injections or NMN (depending on preference) |
If you're unsure which form is best, consider speaking with a registered healthcare professional or undergoing a clinical consultation. Everyone’s needs are different, and what works best for one person may not be ideal for another.
Lifestyle Tips to Naturally Support NAD+ Levels
While NAD+ injections can offer a fast and effective boost, your daily habits also play a powerful role in preserving and supporting your body’s natural NAD+ production. Making small but consistent changes to your lifestyle may help maintain long-term cellular health and slow the natural decline in NAD+ levels that occurs with age.
Diet and Foods That May Help Boost NAD+
Eating a balanced diet rich in vitamin B can support NAD+ synthesis in the body. Nutrients like niacin (vitamin B3) and tryptophan are precursors your cells use to produce NAD+ [12].
Foods that may support NAD+ production:
- Avocados – rich in B vitamins and healthy fats
- Oily fish (e.g. salmon, mackerel, sardines) – provide B vitamins and support mitochondrial health
- Dairy products like yoghurt and cheese – contain both niacin and tryptophan
- Leafy greens – including spinach and kale, for antioxidant support
- Whole foods over processed grains – minimise refined carbs which may contribute to inflammation
Hydration and avoiding excess sugar, alcohol, and processed foods can further help protect NAD+ levels and overall metabolic function.
Exercise and Sleep for Cellular Health
Regular movement and rest are crucial to keeping your mitochondria and NAD+ functioning efficiently [13][14][15][16]. Exercise increases NAD+ turnover, helping your body make better use of it.
- Aerobic exercise: Running, walking, swimming, or cycling can stimulate mitochondrial activity and NAD+ production
- Strength training: Helps regulate blood sugar and reduce oxidative stress
- Sleep: Deep rest supports DNA repair and hormonal balance, both of which depend on NAD+-powered enzymes
Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate activity per week and 7–9 hours of good-quality sleep each night, as advised by the NHS.
Reducing Stress to Protect NAD+ Reserves
Chronic stress can deplete NAD+ through increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Supporting your nervous system may help slow NAD+ breakdown and improve your sense of wellbeing.
Tips to help reduce stress [17][18]:
- Practice mindfulness or breathing exercises
- Get enough sleep
- Spend time outdoors or engage in creative hobbies and exercise.
- Limit stimulants such as caffeine and alcohol
- Use saunas or hot tubs, which may help stimulate NAD+ production through mild thermal stress
- Maintain regular social interaction and emotional connection
Supplementation as an Additional Option
In addition to lifestyle changes, many people choose to support their NAD+ levels through supplementation. NAD+ injections and IV therapy are popular options that deliver NAD+ directly into the bloodstream for quick and efficient results.
These methods may complement your health goals, particularly during periods of high stress, low energy, or recovery. Lifestyle improvements and supplementation together may offer a more comprehensive approach to long-term vitality.
What Is a NAD+ Supplement?
A NAD+ supplement is a product designed to help restore the body's natural levels of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital molecule found in every cell. As we age, our NAD+ levels naturally decline, which can affect metabolism, energy, brain function, and cellular repair.
NAD+ supplements aim to counteract this decline by replenishing the body’s supply. They come in various forms including oral capsules, precursors (like NMN or NR), patches, IV drips, and injections. Among these, NAD+ injections are considered one of the most effective methods, offering high bioavailability and rapid absorption by delivering NAD+ directly into the bloodstream.
As with all supplements, results may vary based on age, lifestyle, and individual health.
How to Take NAD+ Injections Safely
Using NAD+ injections safely is essential for getting the most benefit and avoiding unnecessary side effects. The NAD+ injection pen is designed for easy self-administration at home. Below is a complete guide on how to set up, inject, and store your NAD+ safely and effectively.
Self-Injecting at Home: What to Know
The NAD+ pen delivers the solution subcutaneously (under the skin). Each injection is controlled and easy to administer following a few simple steps. For best results and safety:
- Start by injecting daily for the first three days
- After this loading phase, inject every other day as needed
- The recommended dose is up to 50mg per injection, equal to 30 units on the pen (0.3ml)
How to Set Up Your NAD+ Injection Pen
Before you begin, allow the pen and cartridge to reach room temperature (2–3 minutes). Then follow these steps:
- Remove the pen and cartridge from their packaging
- Take the lid off the pen and unscrew the cartridge holder
- If visible, gently push the plunger into the base of the pen
- Insert the NAD+ cartridge into the cartridge holder
- Screw the cartridge holder back into the pen
- Twist the pen until the dosage meter is fully exposed
- Push the dosage meter repeatedly until the plunger reaches the bottom of the cartridge and resistance is felt
Your pen is now primed and ready for injection.
How to Administer the Injection
Follow these steps for safe and effective self-injection:
- Screw a 6mm needle onto the pen and keep the needle tip cover on
- Clean your chosen injection site (stomach, thigh, or buttock) with an alcohol wipe
- Remove the needle tip cover
- Twist the dosage meter to select your desired dose (e.g. 30 units = 50mg)
- Pinch the skin to pull it away from the muscle
- Insert the needle subcutaneously and avoid movement to prevent bruising
- Press the button on the pen to deliver the dose
- Count to three before removing the needle
- Replace the needle cap and unscrew the needle from the pen
- Put the pen lid back on and store it in the fridge
- Dispose of the used needle in a sharps bin
To prevent irritation, rotate injection sites each time you inject.
Common Reactions and What to Expect
Mild, localised side effects are common and not usually cause for concern:
- Redness or a small drop of blood at the injection site
- A droplet of NAD+ solution on the skin after injection
- Minor bruising if the needle moves during administration
If you experience persistent or severe symptoms, stop use and speak with a healthcare professional.
How Often Should You Take NAD+ Injections?
Injection frequency depends on your personal goals and wellness routine. General guidance includes:
- Loading phase: 3 consecutive days of injections
- Maintenance phase: Every other day (or as desired)
Each dose should not exceed 50mg (0.3ml). Always follow the usage instructions provided with your kit.
Best Practices for Storing and Administering NAD+
To maintain effectiveness and prevent spoilage:
- Store the entire kit in a fridge between 2°C and 8°C
- Allow the pen to reach room temperature before use
- Keep the kit away from sunlight, heat, and moisture
- Store safely out of reach of children and pets
Check vials before use for expiry, discolouration, or particles. Do not inject if the solution appears compromised.
How to Refill Your NAD+ Pen
- Remove the pen lid and unscrew the clear section
- Push the plunger down to reset it
- Remove the used cartridge and dispose of it in a sharps bin
- Insert a new NAD+ cartridge into the clear section
- Reattach the cartridge section to the pen and use as normal
When to Seek Medical Advice
It is highly recommended to consult a healthcare professional before taking NAD+ daily to ensure the appropriate dosage and frequency based on your health needs and goals[10].
Additionally, while NAD+ injections are generally well tolerated, you should speak to a healthcare professional if you experience:
- Persistent swelling, redness, or pain at the injection site
- Signs of allergy – rash, itching, or breathing difficulty
- Unusual fatigue, headaches, or digestive upset
- Any symptoms that concern you or feel unusual
What's Included in the NAD+ Pen Kit?
Your injection kit includes everything needed for safe home use:
- 1x NAD+ self-injection pen
- 2x NAD+ solution cartridges
- Micro-needles (6mm)
- Antibacterial wipes
- 1x Sharps bin for safe disposal
Side Effects: Are NAD+ Injections Safe?
NAD+ injections are generally well tolerated when used correctly and may offer several wellness benefits. Because NAD+ is a coenzyme already found in the body, supplementing it through injections is considered low risk for most healthy adults. However, as with any supplement, it's important to understand the potential side effects, interactions, and when NAD+ may not be appropriate.
Possible Side Effects and How to Manage Them
Most side effects from NAD+ injections are mild and short-term. They are typically related to the injection process rather than the NAD+ compound itself.
- Redness or swelling: Common at the injection site; usually fades within hours.
- Bruising: May occur if the needle is moved or the same site is reused frequently.
- Stinging or discomfort: Often reduced by letting the solution reach room temperature before injecting.
- Fatigue or flushing: Can occasionally occur after first-time use but generally settles quickly.
How to reduce side effects:
- Clean the injection site with an alcohol wipe before each use
- Rotate between injection sites to avoid skin irritation
- Inject slowly and stay still during administration
- Warm the pen to room temperature before injecting
If symptoms are persistent, unusual, or severe, stop using NAD+ and consult a healthcare professional.
Who Should Avoid NAD+ Injections?
While NAD+ is safe for many people, it may not be suitable in certain circumstances. You should avoid or delay use if you:
- Are pregnant or breastfeeding
- Have an active or recent cancer diagnosis
- Are receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive therapy
- Have known allergies to any component in the injection
Does NAD+ Cause Cancer?
There is no clear evidence that NAD+ directly causes cancer. However, NAD+ plays a role in both cellular repair and energy production pathways. This includes glycolysis, which cancer cells use for rapid growth. Some research suggests cancer cells may exploit NAD+ metabolism to support tumour progression.
At the same time, NAD+ is essential for DNA repair and has even been studied as a potential support in cancer treatment [11]. The relationship between NAD+ and cancer is complex and not fully understood. If you have a history of cancer or are at increased risk, consult a healthcare professional before starting NAD+ supplementation.
Combining NAD+ With Other Wellness Supplements
NAD+ injections can be used alongside other supplements as part of a holistic wellness routine. Common combinations include:
- Vitamin B12: Often paired with NAD+ to support energy and cognitive function
- Magnesium: Helps with muscle recovery and relaxation
- NMN or NR: NAD+ precursors that may support long-term NAD+ levels
- Adaptogens: Such as rhodiola or ashwagandha, for stress resilience
Does NAD+ Interact With Medications?
NAD+ may interact with certain medications or change how the body responds to them. For example:
- Some antidepressants may affect NAD+ availability, potentially making supplementation less effective
- NAD+ may influence insulin sensitivity, which could affect people managing diabetes
- Other anti-ageing supplements may enhance the effects of NAD+, possibly requiring dosage adjustments
If you are taking prescription medication or other supplements, it's best to speak to a healthcare professional before adding NAD+ to your daily routine. This helps ensure there are no unwanted interactions.
NAD+ FAQs
Below, UK Meds has answered some of the most common questions that our customers ask us about NAD+ supplementation:
What Does NAD Mean In Medical Terms?
In medical terms, NAD stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. This is a coenzyme that is present in the human body. It exists in two forms: NAD+ (oxidised) and NADH (reduced), both of which play key roles in processes like energy production, DNA repair and cellular communication. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decline, contributing to various health issues and age-related diseases.
It is important to note that NAD+ differs from the abbreviation "NAD", commonly used on NHS health records. This stands for "Nothing Abnormal Detected" [19].
Do NAD+ injections hurt?
The pain associated with NAD+ injections is typically minimal. You may feel a slight pinch or discomfort when the needle is inserted. Allowing the NAD+ solution to reach room temperature before you inject it can help reduce discomfort. Rotating injection sites can also prevent irritation and soreness.
Is NAD B3?
NAD+ is closely related to vitamin B3 as it is derived from certain forms of this vitamin. There are three naturally occurring forms of vitamin B3: nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and nicotinamide riboside. These play a crucial role in maintaining adequate NAD+ levels in the body. While NAD+ itself is not the same as vitamin B3, the conversion of these B3 forms into NAD+ is essential for cellular health, energy production and various metabolic processes.
Can NAD+ affect hair growth?
Yes, research suggests that an increase in NAD+ levels, through NMN supplementation (a precursor of NAD), can promote hair follicle health, potentially improving hair growth and thickness. NAD+ is important in cellular processes such as DNA repair, energy production and oxidative stress response.
Buy NAD+ Injections Online from UK Meds
Can I buy NAD+ Injections online in the UK?
Yes, you can purchase NAD+ injections such as NAD+ injections by Vivere from UK Meds. Always consult your healthcare provider or doctor before taking NAD supplements to ensure they are safe and suitable for your individual needs.
Do I need a prescription?
No, currently NAD+ does not require a prescription to purchase, meaning it is available over the counter. You should still always consult a medical professional before starting any supplements or treatments.
Which NAD+ injections are available at UK Meds?
UK Meds currently offer the NAD+ injection by Vivere. Vivere’s NAD+ pen is the only one made in a trusted UK MHRA-licensed, GMP-certified facility and supplied by an NHS-approved, UKAS-certified partner.
Learn more with UK Meds support resources for NAD+:
- NAD: A Beginner's Guide - Learn the basics of NAD, its role in your body, and why it’s important for your overall health.
- What Does NAD Mean in Medical Terms? - Find out what NAD stands for in medical terms and how it affects your health.
- What Are NAD Levels in the Body? - Discover what NAD levels are and how they impact your body’s energy and aging process.
- How to Increase NAD Levels Naturally - Learn natural ways to boost your NAD levels for better health and energy.
Sources
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- [2] Covarrubias AJ, Perrone R, Grozio A, Verdin E. NAD+ metabolism and its roles in cellular processes during ageing. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2021 Feb;22(2):119-141. doi: 10.1038/s41580-020-00313-x. Epub 2020 Dec 22. PMID: 33353981; PMCID: PMC7963035.
- [3] Amjad S, Nisar S, Bhat AA, Shah AR, Frenneaux MP, Fakhro K, Haris M, Reddy R, Patay Z, Baur J, Bagga P. Role of NAD+ in regulating cellular and metabolic signaling pathways. Mol Metab. 2021 Jul;49:101195. doi: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101195. Epub 2021 Feb 17. PMID: 33609766; PMCID: PMC7973386.
- [4] Lautrup S, Sinclair DA, Mattson MP, Fang EF. NAD+ in Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Cell Metab. 2019 Oct 1;30(4):630-655. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.001. PMID: 31577933; PMCID: PMC6787556.
- [5] Melanie R. McReynolds, Karthikeyani Chellappa, Joseph A. Baur, Age-related NAD+ decline, Experimental Gerontology, Volume 134, 2020, 110888, ISSN 0531-5565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2020.110888.
- [6] Verdin E. NAD⁺ in aging, metabolism, and neurodegeneration. Science. 2015 Dec 4;350(6265):1208-13. doi: 10.1126/science.aac4854. PMID: 26785480.
- [7] Gong B, Pan Y, Vempati P, Zhao W, Knable L, Ho L, Wang J, Sastre M, Ono K, Sauve AA, Pasinetti GM. Nicotinamide riboside restores cognition through an upregulation of proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α regulated β-secretase 1 degradation and mitochondrial gene expression in Alzheimer's mouse models. Neurobiol Aging. 2013 Jun;34(6):1581-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.12.005. Epub 2013 Jan 9. PMID: 23312803; PMCID: PMC3632303.
- [8] Guarente L. Calorie restriction and sirtuins revisited. Genes Dev. 2013 Oct 1;27(19):2072-85. doi: 10.1101/gad.227439.113. PMID: 24115767; PMCID: PMC3850092.
- [9] Kathryn F. Mills, Shohei Yoshida, Liana R. Stein, Alessia Grozio, Shunsuke Kubota, Yo Sasaki, Philip Redpath, Marie E. Migaud, Rajendra S. Apte, Koji Uchida, Jun Yoshino, Shin-ichiro Imai, Long-Term Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Mitigates Age-Associated Physiological Decline in Mice, Cell Metabolism, Volume 24, Issue 6, 2016, Pages 795-806, ISSN 1550-4131, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2016.09.013.
- [10] Poljšak, B.; Kovač, V.; Milisav, I. Current Uncertainties and Future Challenges Regarding NAD+ Boosting Strategies. Antioxidants 2022, 11, 1637. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11091637
- [11] Yaku K, Okabe K, Hikosaka K, Nakagawa T. NAD Metabolism in Cancer Therapeutics. Front Oncol. 2018 Dec 12;8:622. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00622. PMID: 30631755; PMCID: PMC6315198.
- [12] NAD.com - Foods Rich in NAD+
- [13] Sabina Chubanava, Jonas T. Treebak, Regular exercise effectively protects against the aging-associated decline in skeletal muscle NAD content, Experimental Gerontology, Volume 173, 2023, 112109, ISSN 0531-5565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2023.112109.
- [14] David Walzik, Niklas Joisten, Alexander Schenk, Sina Trebing, Kirill Schaaf, Alan J Metcalfe, Polyxeni Spiliopoulou, Johanna Hiefner, Adrian McCann, Carsten Watzl, Per Magne Ueland, Sebastian Gehlert, Anna Worthmann, Charles Brenner, Philipp Zimmer, Acute exercise boosts NAD+ metabolism of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, Volume 123, 2025, Pages 1011-1023, ISSN 0889-1591, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2024.11.004.
- [15] Walzik D, Jonas W, Joisten N, Belen S, Wüst RCI, Guillemin G, Zimmer P. Tissue-specific effects of exercise as NAD+ -boosting strategy: Current knowledge and future perspectives. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2023 Mar;237(3):e13921. doi: 10.1111/apha.13921. Epub 2023 Jan 10. PMID: 36599416.
- [16] de Guia RM, Agerholm M, Nielsen TS, Consitt LA, Søgaard D, Helge JW, Larsen S, Brandauer J, Houmard JA, Treebak JT. Aerobic and resistance exercise training reverses age-dependent decline in NAD+ salvage capacity in human skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep. 2019 Jul;7(12):e14139. doi: 10.14814/phy2.14139. PMID: 31207144; PMCID: PMC6577427.
- [17] NHS - Self-help Tips for Student Stress
- [18] Mental Health Foundation - Managing and Reducing Stress
- [19] NHS - Common Medical Record Abbreviations
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