How To Protect Yourself From Coronavirus

Coronavirus (COVID-19) remains a concern for public health worldwide. Protecting yourself and others from the virus is essential to minimise the risk of infection. Following guidance from trusted health authorities like the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the NHS can help reduce the chances of exposure and transmission. This guide provides clear, actionable advice tailored to a UK audience.

Key Takeaways

Hygiene is Your Best Defence

• Wash your hands frequently for at least 20 seconds with soap and water, especially after meals, using the toilet, or touching shared surfaces. If soap isn’t available, use hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol. Cover coughs and sneezes with a tissue or your elbow to stop droplets spreading.

Social Distancing and Masks Reduce Risk

• Maintain at least 2 metres of distance from others and wear a properly fitted face mask, especially in crowded or enclosed spaces. Masks like FFP2 or N95 provide better protection, and reusable masks should be washed after each use.

Isolate If Symptomatic or Exposed

• If you have COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., fever, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing), self-isolate for at least 10 days and avoid contact with others. Call NHS 111 for medical advice instead of visiting a clinic in person. Prioritise the safety of vulnerable groups by staying home when necessary.

How Does Coronavirus Spread?

Coronavirus spreads primarily through tiny droplets expelled when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can:

• Be inhaled by people nearby.

• Land on surfaces and be picked up when someone touches the contaminated surface and then their face.

Key Facts About COVID-19 Transmission

• Close contact: Spending more than 15 minutes within 2 metres of an infected person increases risk.

• Incubation period: Symptoms may appear 2-14 days after exposure, but people can spread the virus before showing symptoms.

How to Protect Against Coronavirus

1. Wash Your Hands Regularly

Frequent handwashing is one of the most effective ways to prevent the spread of germs, including COVID-19.

• When to Wash:

  • Before and after meals.

  • After using the toilet.

  • After touching communal surfaces (e.g., door handles, public transport rails).

• How to Wash Properly:

  • Use soap and water for at least 20 seconds.

  • Scrub all parts of your hands, including between fingers and under nails.

  • Dry with a clean towel or disposable tissue.

If soap and water aren’t available, use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser (at least 60% alcohol).

2. Cover Your Mouth and Nose

Preventing the spread of droplets is key to stopping COVID-19 transmission.

• Use tissues to catch sneezes or coughs, then dispose of them immediately in a bin.

• Wash your hands after sneezing or coughing.

• If no tissue is available, cough or sneeze into your elbow rather than your hands.

3. Wear a Face Mask

Face masks provide a barrier against respiratory droplets, reducing the risk of spreading or contracting the virus.

• Recommended Masks:

  • FFP2 or N95-equivalent masks offer better protection than standard cloth masks.

  • Valved masks allow for more comfortable breathing during extended use.

• Important Tips:

  • Ensure a snug fit covering the nose and mouth.

  • Avoid touching the mask while wearing it.

  • Dispose of single-use masks responsibly or wash reusable masks after each use.

4. Avoid Close Contact

Social distancing reduces the risk of transmission.

• Maintain at least 2 metres of distance from people outside your household.

• Avoid large gatherings and crowded places.

• Limit physical contact, such as handshakes, hugs, or sharing items.

5. Practice Good Food and Animal Hygiene

• Avoid consuming raw or undercooked animal products.

• Ensure proper handling and cooking of meat and poultry to prevent cross-contamination.

• If in contact with animals, wash your hands thoroughly afterward.

6. Self-Isolate When Necessary

If you have symptoms of COVID-19 or have recently returned from an area with high infection rates:

• Stay home and avoid public spaces for at least 10 days (or 14 days if advised).

• Monitor your symptoms and avoid contact with vulnerable individuals.

7. Seek Medical Advice

If you develop symptoms such as a persistent cough, fever, or difficulty breathing:

• Call NHS 111 rather than visiting a medical facility in person.

• Share your symptoms and travel history.

• Follow the advice given by healthcare professionals.

Additional Tips to Stay Safe

Boost Your Immune System

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.

• Stay hydrated and exercise regularly.

• Ensure you get enough sleep to support your body’s natural defences.

Stay Updated

• Keep informed through trusted sources like the NHS and GOV.UK websites.

• Follow local restrictions and guidelines to protect yourself and others.

Why These Measures Are Important

While many people recover from COVID-19, the virus can be particularly dangerous for high-risk groups such as the elderly and those with underlying health conditions. Taking these precautions not only protects you but also helps prevent the virus from spreading in your community.

By following these steps, you can contribute to keeping yourself, your family, and the wider public safe from coronavirus. Stay vigilant, stay informed, and prioritise your health.

Sources

• How to avoid catching and spreading COVID-19 infection. - NHS

• How to stop the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19) - GOV.UK